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  1. Convict women in Australia were British prisoners whom the government increasingly sent out during the era of transportation (1787-1868) in order to develop the penal outpost of New South Wales (now a state of Australia) into a viable colony. These women faced extreme difficulty in achieving freedom, solvency and respectability.

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convict_women_in_Australia
    It’s estimated that 164,000 convicts were shipped to Australia between 1788 and 1868 under the British government’s new Transportation Act — a humane alternative to the death penalty. Approximately 25,000 of these convicts were women, charged with petty crimes such as stealing bread.
    www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-c…
    Only about 13 per cent of convicts were women. On arrival in Sydney, most were privately assigned as servants to work in shops or businesses, or private homes or farms. Badly behaved or unassigned women were sent to the Female Factory at Parramatta, which first opened in 1804, and then in larger premises opened by Governor Macquarie in 1821.
    mhnsw.au/stories/convict-sydney/convict-women-f…
    Female convicts were a varied bunch. They ranged in age from children to women in old age, but most were in their twenties or thirties. Many were single, but some were married and some were widowed. A small proportion brought children with them on their journey of transportation. Most left family behind in their homeland.
    www.artistwd.com/joyzine/australia/penal_colonies/…
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    Detailed narratives of the lives of the approximately 200 female convicts born outside the British Isles who were transported to Australia. This publication is split into three parts: Part 1: The Indian Ocean, Part 2: The Caribbean World; and Part 3: Europeans and the high seas.
    Within the wider context of working-class culture, the behaviour of female convicts in Australia appears less aberrant than is commonly supposed. The following essay attempts to focus on both contemporary atti tudes toward the women transported and the women themselves, with some attention to their working-class origin.
    Convict women in Australia were British prisoners whom the government increasingly sent out during the era of transportation (1787–1868) in order to develop the penal outpost of New South Wales (now a state of Australia) into a viable colony.
    During the 18th and 19th centuries many prisoners were transported to Australia to carry out their sentence, a relatively small percentage of whom were women (between 1788 and 1852, male convicts outnumbered the female convicts six to one ).
  3. The little-known story of Australia’s convict women

  4. Convict women in Australia - Wikipedia

  5. Whores, damned whores and female convicts: Why our …

    WEBJan 10, 2012 · Whores, damned whores and female convicts: Why our history does early Australian colonial women a grave injustice. …

    • Estimated Reading Time: 7 mins
    • Female convicts | National Library of Australia

      WEBNational. Detailed narratives of the lives of the approximately 200 female convicts born outside the British Isles who were transported to Australia. This publication is split into three parts: Part 1: The Indian Ocean, Part …

    • Female Convicts Research Centre

    • Parramatta Female Factory – The Female Factory Online

      WEBThe Parramatta Female Factory is the largest and oldest surviving convict women’s site in Australia. Built between 1818 and 1821, the Female Factory operated between January 1821 and c. 1848 as a refuge for …

    • What Australia’s convict past reveals about women, …

      WEBJul 18, 2018 · Wikimedia. What Australia’s convict past reveals about women, men, marriage and work. Published: July 18, 2018 3:29pm EDT. Success for women often comes at a cost. Award-winning,...

    • Why more women are doing time in Australia

      WEBJul 30, 2021 · Between 2009 and 2019, Australia’s female prison population increased by 64% in Australia. And while the nation achieved a temporary decline in female prison rates in 2020 for the first time in …

    • What Australia's convict past reveals about women, men, marriage …